Are Technological Innovations Driving Sustainability in Emerging Economies? The Role of R&D Investments and Patent Sources in Energy Efficiency

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Jude Edeh
Piyali Roy Chowdhury

Abstract

Research, particularly from advanced economies, suggests that technological innovations are crucial for improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainability. However, a key question remains: To what extent can this assumption be extended to countries with different institutional arrangements and development trajectories? To address this question, this study examines the interconnected impacts of R&D efforts and patent sources on energy efficiency in emerging economies. For the empirical analysis, we use annual data from Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa covering the period between 1994 and 2019. The two-step System Generalised Method of Moments (System-GMM) technique is employed to address endogeneity concerns. The results indicate that R&D efforts and patents filed by non-residents contribute positively to energy efficiency in emerging economies. In contrast, patents filed by residents increase the intensity of GHG emissions per capita. Finally, we propose policy recommendations to strengthen innovation systems and human development efforts in developing and emerging economies.

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How to Cite
Edeh, J., & Roy Chowdhury, P. (2025). Are Technological Innovations Driving Sustainability in Emerging Economies? The Role of R&D Investments and Patent Sources in Energy Efficiency. Sustainability Impacts Review, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.64138/j.sir.2025.10001

How to Cite

Edeh, J., & Roy Chowdhury, P. (2025). Are Technological Innovations Driving Sustainability in Emerging Economies? The Role of R&D Investments and Patent Sources in Energy Efficiency. Sustainability Impacts Review, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.64138/j.sir.2025.10001